Inclusive education has made significant progress in recognizing the rights of persons with disabilities. Yet human diversity extends far beyond disability. Every learner possesses unique abilities, challenges, talents, and ways of understanding the world. This book presents a multidisciplinary perspective on inclusive education, integrating insights from pedagogy, neuroscience, psychology, sociology, philosophy, educational leadership, technology, artificial intelligence, and the learning sciences. It challenges the traditional concept of the "ideal student" and proposes a broader vision of inclusion that embraces disability, neurodiversity, giftedness, diverse learning profiles, mental health, cultural and linguistic diversity, and systemic barriers. Combining scientific evidence, professional experience, and humanistic reflection, this volume offers practical guidance for educators, researchers, school leaders, and policymakers. It argues that recognizing human diversity is not only essential for educational equity but also for fostering innovation, human development, and social progress in the twenty-first century.