This book addresses the connections between food provisioning, natural resource extraction and the exploitation of human labor. Through a series of case studies, it tackles agricultural extractivist regimes in the Mediterranean, focusing on the socio-ecological and ideological practices that constrain or contribute to conflicting processes of social reproduction. The book is divided into two parts investigating the two faces of agricultural production and opening the field of their inter-connections: (1) labor, nature and capital in food production, and (2) agricultural projects for a sustainable future. The contributed chapters provide insights into how valuation processes of human and non-human resources are entangled with economic valorization and capital accumulation. Bringing together studies based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork, Agricultural Extractivism in the Mediterranean Region bridges macro-level analyses and micro-level perspectives by tracing how structural constraints express themselves in concrete social relations. The reliance on detailed case studies facilitates the introduction of advanced topics in an accessible and engaging format. This book will be of interest to scholars in economic and environmental anthropology, agrarian studies and the anthropology of work, as well as sociologists and human geographers working in related areas.