Mahmood Kooria is a historian based at Leiden University, the Netherlands. He has authored Islamic Law in Circulation: Sh.fi.. Texts across Mediterranean and Indian Ocean (Cambridge University Press, 2022), co-edited Islamic Law in the Indian Ocean: Texts, Ideas and Practices (Routledge, 2022) and Malabar in the Indian Ocean World: Cosmopolitanism in a Maritime Historical Region (Oxford University Press, 2018).