This edited volume examines how emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain and the platform economy challenge international tax systems to adapt to a new economic reality. In a world of greater capital mobility, complex cross border flows and smart business models, while practices like base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) erode revenues and pressure governments, the book offers an integrated analysis of digital transformation's impact on taxation. It identifies gaps, proposes solutions for sustainable and equitable frameworks, and critiques traditional paradigms designed for industrial economies, now outdated in an era where value arises from data, intellectual property and platform-based models. Contributions also highlight the limits of reforms and their varied effectiveness across developed and emerging economies. This is a vital resource for economists, researchers and tax professionals seeking fair, efficient and adaptable tax systems.

Costinela Fortea is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania. She is a member of prestigious academic organizations such as the European Regional Science Association and the Regional Science Association International. Her research focuses on finance, taxation, energy and environmental economics, and public policy, with particular interest in how fiscal and regulatory frameworks shape sustainable economic development.

Valentin Marian Antohi is Professor of Economics at the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania. With more than 26 years of academic and professional experience, he is an active member of prestigious academic associations, including the European Regional Science Association and the Regional Science Association International. His research areas cover a wide range of topics including financial and economic analysis, accounting, taxation, international taxation, tax policy, health services, rural and regional development and agricultural economics.

Firdous Ahmad Malik  is  Assistant Professor of Economics at the Department of Management, University of People, US. Previously he was a Research Fellow at the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP) in Delhi, India, and Senior Research Associate at the O.P. Jindal Global University in Sonipat.