Isabel David is Assistant Professor at the School of Social and Political Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa (University of Lisbon). Her research focuses on Turkish politics, Turkey-EU relations and collective action. She is currently editing a publication on Post-Islamism in Turkey. Kumru F. Toktamis, PhD, is an Adjunct Associate Professor at the Department of Social Sciences and Cultural Studies of Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, NY. Her research focuses on State Formation, Nationalism, Ethnicity and Collective Action. In 2014, she published a book chapter on Tribes and Democratization/De-Democratization in Libya.