In an era of global interconnectedness, tariffs remain one of the most powerful yet misunderstood tools shaping economies, industries, and international relations. This book takes readers through the history, theory, and real-world impact of tariffs?from ancient civilizations and the Industrial Revolution to the digital economy and climate-conscious trade policies of the 21st century.

This book explores how tariffs have been used to protect emerging industries, generate revenue, influence geopolitics, and respond to crises. It examines famous case studies, including the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, the US-China trade war, and EU climate tariffs, revealing how nations balance domestic protection with the opportunities and risks of globalization.