This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th China National Conference on Big Data and Social Computing, BDSC 2025, held in Kunming, China, during August 15-17, 2025.

The 40 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 140 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Digital Society Construction and Governance; Modelling and Simulation of Social Systems; Internet Intelligent Algorithm Governance; Social Network and Group Behavior; Innovation, Risks, and Security of Large Language Models; Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science; Applications of Large Language Models in Societal Contexts and Social Geography and Urban Computing.