This textbook provides information about the essential technical components of building autonomous systems. The book starts by briefly covering basic principles of statistical estimation theory, an essential tool required in various steps in the implementation of autonomous systems. The book also includes technical details of the navigation systems along with their required components. The authors cover terrestrial and non-terrestrial infrastructures that could appear in some autonomous vehicles' implementations, incorporating several types of Lidars, Radars, and wireless networks, as well as the integration of acquired information originating from distinct sources. Several signal processing tools taking part in the ongoing proposals are described in the text.