For human identification, the use of DNA (STR regions) is currently considered extremely important for resolving situations involving criminal matters, as well as those related to paternity. The use of these markers continues to revolutionize the legal and criminal fields. At crime scenes, the search for biological material that can provide genetic material for forensic studies is widely used and shows a high degree of success. For this reason, DNA has become compelling material evidence, has revolutionized and continues to revolutionize criminal investigations, standing out not only for prosecuting criminals, but also as indisputable evidence used to exonerate unjustly accused people. Thus, in view of the social importance of the subject, this work sought to bring the state of the art on forensic genetics and the application of human molecular markers for forensic identification of samples from crime scenes, contributing to the elucidation of a criminal case, in which DNA tests were carried out on the remains of a corpse found, a victim of dismemberment.