Despite preventive and therapeutic advances, AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is still a serious epidemic today, especially in poor and developing countries, representing a serious challenge to the economic and social sectors worldwide, affecting young adults, women and children, the latter being affected by vertical transmission (VT), transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. Based on these issues, the following questions arose: What actions are taken by primary care nurses to prevent vertical transmission of HIV? Do these actions include counselling? What is the relationship between the guidance provided to users and the effectiveness of this practice? Therefore, it is crucial to analyse the provision of counselling and HIV testing in prenatal care, which are of fundamental importance for professionals to understand the reality and thus ensure women's right to information.