This work explores the Catholic perspective on secularization and the concept of true secularity, offering a comprehensive analysis rooted in theology, history, sociology, and philosophy. It addresses the complex interplay between faith and modernity, examining how the Church engages with the challenges and opportunities posed by an increasingly secularized world. Drawing from primary Church documents, historical developments, and contemporary scholarship, the study articulates a vision of secularity that transcends the dichotomy of sacred and profane, emphasizing their complementary roles in human flourishing.
The discussion begins with an exploration of secularization as a historical process, tracing its development from the Enlightenment through modernity and its implications for religion, culture, and society. The study examines the contributions of key sociological and philosophical figures, such as Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Charles Taylor, to understanding the dynamics of secularization. Theological foundations are analyzed through the lens of the Second Vatican Council, with particular emphasis on Gaudium et Spes and Dignitatis Humanae, which affirm the Church's mission to engage constructively with a pluralistic world.
Central to the analysis is the concept of true secularity, a Catholic framework that respects the autonomy of earthly realities while affirming their ultimate orientation toward God. This vision challenges both the reductive tendencies of secularism and theocratic approaches, proposing instead a harmonious integration of faith and reason. Key areas of application include the Church's role in education, politics, art, and interfaith dialogue, as well as its engagement with contemporary ethical challenges, digital culture, and globalization.
The study concludes with an eschatological reflection, situating the Church's mission within the broader horizon of salvation history and the ultimate fulfillment of all things in Christ. By articulating a holistic and hopeful vision, this work contributes to ongoing discussions about the role of religion in a secular age and highlights the Church's enduring relevance in addressing humanity's spiritual, moral, and existential questions.
