Muhammed Veysel Kaya is a professor at Ankara Haci Bayram Veli University, Turkiye. He teaches macroeconomics and central banking in postgraduate and PhD programmes. His research interests include macroeconomics, banking, monetary policy and economic growth. Seda Bayrakdar is a associate professor at Kirikkale University, Turkiye. She teaches macroeconomics, analysis of macroeconomic indicators and economic systems in undergraduate, graduate and doctoral programmes. Her research interests include labor market, public expenditures, monetary and fiscal policies and economic growth.