Inefficient energy generation from sugarcane bagasse in several countries is the remarkable example for higher production cost in industrial sectors that necessitating immediate intervention in respect of efficient energy use and sustainability. The potential of improving its efficiency through novel technologies is very high. In Bangladesh, on an average, a Sugar Mill of cane crushing capacity 2000 MT is generating 2 MW electricity by burning bagasse in boilers only for their own use. Whereas, using modern technology and appropriate operation modes, 11 MW electrical power generation is possible after fulfillment of process heat requirement. This book, therefore, provides a clear concept for adequate energy generation using bagasse through modern technologies and its sustainability and social benefits. Because of good sugarcane yield in many developing countries and the use of bagasse as biomass for energy generation gives these countries a considerable revenue stream, the development can provide economic growth to those countries that need it most. Maximum usage of sugarcane in an efficient way might be helpful to enhance sugarcane producer''s and energy practitioner''s interest.