The use of direct resin-based composite materials has become an active part of contemporary Operative Dentistry. The esthetic appearance associated with conservative cavity preparations and the constantly improved properties has made these materials the main choice for all classes of restorations. The major developments in composite resins since its introduction have been improvements in filler systems. Resin composites have gone through generations of traditional (macro filled) composites, micro filled composites, hybrid composites, microhybrid composites, and nano-composites. Furthermore, improvements in formulations, optimization of properties, and the development of new techniques for placement have made the restoration of direct composite more reliable and predictable.