This study tends to examine the correlation between the differential schooling of children in Morocco, according to their gender and the level of fertility. To do so, communal data from the 2014 General Census of Population and Housing were exploited. These data are revealed by area of residence at an aggregate level (region; province; communes,...). These data were initially cleaned and checked for quality. Then, they were subjected to an application of descriptive and explanatory analysis models (PCA, multiple regression,..) through the Spss software. As a result, this study shows that girls aged 7 to 12 years attend school less than boys, regardless of their region and place of residence. A great deal of heterogeneity in enrolment rates by commune, especially in rural areas, was also noted. According to the results of the PCA, a coexistence of high fertility and differential schooling was observed in several rural communes. On the other hand, this effect is absent in urban areas. Multiple regression confirmed the presence of this relationship in rural areas and at the national level. On the other hand, this relationship is absent in urban areas.