DENNIS JAY KENNEY is Associate Director and Director of Research for the Police Executive Research Forum. He has over 27 years of experience in varied aspects of criminal justice and has provided consulting services to police agencies around the country. He is the author of numerous articles and books, including Crime, Fear, and the New York City Subways (Praeger, 1987), Organized Crime in America (1995), and Crime in the Schools (1998).

ROBERT P. MCNAMARA is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Furman University. He has been a consultant for state, federal, and private agencies on topics such as AIDS, drug abuse, race and healthcare, urban redevelopment, homelessness, policing, and gangs. He is the author of several books, including The Times Square Hustler (Praeger, 1994), Sex, Scams, and Street Life (Praeger, 1995), and Social Gerontology (Auburn House, 1998).