1 This volume is one of four book publications of the project Social Convoy and S- tainable Employability: Innovative Strategies for Outplacement/Replacement Couns- ling (SOCOSE). It is supported by the European Commission, DG Research, under the fifth Framework Programme, Key Action Improving the Socio-Economic Knowledge 2 3 Base and coordinated by Thomas Kieselbach at the University of Bremen . Starting point of our research is the increase in occupational transitions (Rodgers & Rodgers, 1989). This is caused by the ongoing globalisation of markets and eco- mies as a whole, but might also be considered the central aspect of globalisation: changes and flexibility which on the part of the individual employee means tran- tions in his or her occupational biography. These phases might include episodes of - employment as well as training or re-orientation. While transitions increase, employees experience insecurity with regard to their individual employment situation to a much larger degree than in the past. The formal 1 Kieselbach, T. (Ed.) (2004). Social Convoy in Occupational Transitions: Recommendations for a European Framework in the Context of Enterprise Restructuring. Bremen: University of Bremen, Ins- tute for Psychology of Work, Unemployment and Health (IPG). Kieselbach, T., Beelmann, G., Mader, S. & Wagner, O. (2005). Sozialer Konvoi in beruflichen Tran- tionen: Individuelle und organisationale Bewältigung der Prekarisierung von Beschäftigung in Deutschland [Social convoy in occupational transitions: Individual and organisational coping with precarisation of jobs]. München: Rainer Hampp. This volume assembles the main results of the EU research project "Social Convoy and Sustainable Employability: Innovative Strategies for Outplacement/Replacement Counselling" (SOCOSE) supported by GD Research of the European Commission (FP 5) in the programme "Improving the Socio-Economic Knowledge Base". The project was co-ordinated by Thomas Kieselbach from the University of Bremen.
The project is based on interdisciplinary research from five countries (Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, and The Netherlands), in which psychologists and social scientists analysed approaches of occupational transition counselling in the sense of a "social convoy" in the course of dismissal until successful reintegration into the labour market. The empirical research is based primarily on interviews with 250 employees who were affected by changing work environments ("insecure jobs") or who had previously lost their jobs and had found new employment through the help of outplacement/ replacement counselling ("successfully reemployed"). They were questioned with regard to their experiences, expectations and evaluation of the transition period also under the perspective of experienced injustices.
For each country innovative cases of good practice are analyzed where social actors joined in order to cope with redundancy, where specific strategies were developed, e. g. targeting vulnerable groups, or where employers expressed their social responsibility towards dismissed employees in a way that could set an example for the European debate.